Many thanks for these questions.
The short answer is that Quine’s devastating attack on the A-S distinction applies to the Logical Empiricists’ conception of that distinction, but not to Kant’s own conception of it, which is not only widely misunderstood — not least because of Quine’s caricature of it — but also philosophically defensible in a contemporary context.
The long answer is provided in this detailed exposition & defense of Kant’s own theory, in chapters 3–5 of this book, Kant and the Foundations of Analytic philosophy —
& also in this detailed exposition & defense of my own broadly & radically Kantian version of the A-S distinction, with a point-by-point critical reply to Quine, in chapter 4 of this book, Cognition, Content, and the A Priori —
